REFERENCES

Chapter I

  1. P. Samuelson, Economics 9th Ed., McGraw-Hill, N. Y., 1973, p. 83
  2. J. Bernard, Report of Automation Technology Workshop, Automation Research Council, Summary Document #3, Amer. Automatic Control Council, January 1974, p. 9
  3. Computer Controlled Production, Industrial Engineering, July 1974

Chapter II

  1. J. Tinker, The Green Revolution Is Over, New Scientist, November7, 1974, p. 388. See also reference XII-2.
  2. F. Piven, R. Cloward, Regulating the Poor, Random House, 1971
  3. M. Harrington, The Other America: Poverty in America, MacMillian, New York, 1962
  4. B. Harrison, Human Capital, Black Poverty and Radical Economics, Industrial Relations 10, #3, October 1971, pp. 277-386
  5. B. Shiller, The Economics of Poverty and Discrimination, Prentice-Hall, 1972
  6. C. Jenks et al. , Inequality: A Reassessment of the Effects of Family and Schooling in America, Basic Books, New York, 1972
  7. W. Grieden, N. Kotz, Study on Poverty, Washington Post, April 8-15, 1973
  8. L. Goodwin, How Suburban Families View the Work Orien­tations of the Welfare Poor, Social Problems 19, #3 Winter 1972, pp. 337-348

    9. _______. A Study of the Work Orientations of Welfare Recipients Participating in the Work Incentives Program, Brookings Institute, August 1971 (DOL Contract No. 51-09-69-02)

    ________. Do the Poor Want to Work? Brookings Institute, June 1972

  9. R. Lampman, Ends and Means of Reducing Income Poverty, Institute for Research on Poverty, Monograph Series, Markham, Chicago, 1971, p. 57
  10. R. Lampman, p. 61
  11. E. M. Glaser and H. L. Ross, A Study of Successful Per­sons from Seriously Disadvantaged Backgrounds, March 31, 1970, (DOL Contract No. 82-05-68-03)
  12. B. Bluestone, W. Murphy, and M. Stevenson, Low Wages and the Working Poor, Institute of Labor and Industrial Wages, October 1971, (DOL Contract No. 51-24-69-03)
  13. R. Parker, The Myth of the Middle Class

Chapter III

  1. B. R. Shiller, Stratified Opportunities: Essence of the Vicious Circle, American Journal of Sociology, November, 1970
  2. H. Miller, Income Distribution in the United States, 1960 Census Monograph, U. ‘S. Bureau of Census
  3. R. J. Lampman, Ends and Means of Reducing Income Poverty, Institute for Research on Poverty, Monograph Series, Markham, Chicago, 1971, p. 46
  4. N. Goldfinger, Full Employment: The Neglected Policy, AFL -CIO American Federationist, November 1972
  5. L. Aspen (Congressman from Wisconsin’s First District), The B-i Bomber as a Flying Pork Barrel, Washington Post, December 22, 1974, p. Bi
  6. V. Packard, The Waste Makers
  7. Institute of Industrial Relations, U.C.L.A., Hard Core Unemployment and Poverty in Los Angeles, Area Rede­velopment Administration, U. S. Department of Com­merce, 1965
  8. B. R. Shiller, The Little Training Robbery: Part I, in Pacific Training and Technical Assistance Corporation, The Impact of Urban WIN Programs, June 1972, U. S. Department of Labor Contract 51-09-70-10
  9. P. B. Doeringer (Ed.) Programs to Employ the Disad­vantaged, England Cliffs, New Jersey, Prentice-Hall, 1969
  10. D. Diamond, H. Bedrosian, Hiring Standards and Job Performance, Manpower Research Monograph #18, U. S. Department of Labor
  11. D. Diamond, H. Bedrosian, Industry Hiring Requirements and the Employment of Disadvantaged Groups, New York University School of Commerce, New York, 1970, DOL Contract 81-34-66-25
  12. D. Roessner, G. Hamilton, Employment Contexts and Disadvantaged Workers, Bureau of Social Science Re­search, November 1971, DOL Contract 51-09-70-02
  13. E. Denison, Classification of Sources of Growth, Review of Income and Wealth, March 1972, pp. 1-25
  14. A. Scott, The Value of Housework: For Love or Money, Ms. Magazine, July 1972
  15. Impact of Technology on Economic Growth is Developed in:

    16. S. H. Slichter, Economic Growth in the United States, Louisiana State University Press, 1961

    A. Maddison, Economic Growth in the West, Norton, 1964

    E. Mansfield, Technological Change, Norton, 1971

    S. Kuznets, Modern Economic Growth, Rate Structure and Spread, Yale University Press, 1966

  16. W. E. G. Salter, Productivity and Technical Change, Cambridge University Press, 1969, p. 164
  17. P. Samuelson, Economics, 9th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1973, p. 748

Chapter IV

  1. R. Nelson, M. Peck, E. Kalachek, Technology, Economic Growth, and Public Policy, Brookings Institute, 1967, p. 140
  2. J. Diebold, Beyond Automation, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1964, p. 209
  3. J. Bronowski, The Ascent of Man, Little-Brown, Boston, 1973, p. 279
  4. R. Durkingcome, Backgrounds of Power, Schriebner, New York, 1949, p. 144
  5. R. Parkman, The Cybernetic Society, Pergamon, New York, 1972, p. 38
  6. Interview with L. Eisley, U. S. News and World Report, March 3, 1975
  7. M. Boretsky, U. S. Technology: Trends and Policy Is­sues, National Technical Information Service, PB-227-930, p. 14
  8. P. Samuelson, Economics, 9th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1973, p. 745
  9. M. Boretsky, p. 13
  10. M. Boretsky, p. 14
  11. M. Boretsky, p. 14
  12. ABC Evening News Report, April 2, 1975
  13. Productivity and the Economy, Prepared for the National Commission on Productivity by the Bureau of Labor Sta­tistics, Bulletin 1779, p. 47
  14. U. S. Department of Commerce Country Market Survey, CMS 74-045
  15. Eleventh Inventory of Metal Working Equipment, Ameri­can Machinist
  16. P. Peterson, The United States in the Changing World Economy, Volume II, Briefing Material for the President and the Council on International Economic Policy, U. S. Government Printing Office 4000-0271, 1971, Chart I
  17. M. Blume, J. Crockett, I. Friend, Stock Ownership in the United States: Characteristics and Trends, Survey of Current Business, U. S. Department of Commerce, November 1974, p. 27
  18. J. Smith, S. Franklin, D. Wion, The Distribution of Financial Assets, 1973 Conference on Wealth Distribution, People’s Policy Center, Washington, D. C.
  19. L. Kelso, P. Hetter, Two Factor Theory: The Economics of Reality, Random House, 1967
  20. Unions Call the Capital Crisis Just Propaganda, Business Week, September 22, 1975, p. 109

Chapter V

  1. N. Wiener, The Human Use of Human Beings: Cybernetics and Society, Discus/Avon Books, 1967
  2. Air Force Computer-Aided Manufacturing (AFCAM) Master Plan, Report AF ML-TR-74-104, Manufacturing Technology Division, A. F. Material Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio
  3. D. Williamson, System 24: ANew Concept of Manufacture, Machine Tool Research Conference, University of Man­chester, September 1967, Pergamon Press, New York, 1967
  4. The Rand Corporation, Computer-Based Automation of Discrete Product Manufacture: A Preliminary Discussion of Feasibility and Impact, R- 1073 -ARPA, Santa Monica, California, July, 1974
  5. The Computer Is a Manufacturing Tool, American Ma­chinist, Volume 114, June 29, 1970
  6. G. Hutchinson, B. Wynne, A Flexible Manufacturing Sys­tem, Industrial Engineering, December 1973, pp. 10-17
  7. Minicomputers That Run Factories, Business Week, December 8, 1973, p.68
  8. L. Evans, Production Technology Advancements: A Forecast to 1988, Institute of Science and Technology, University of Michigan, 1973
  9. D. Prince, Interactive Graphics for Computer-Aided Design, Addison-Wesley, Reading, Massachusetts, 1971
  10. R. Parslow, R. Green (Eds.), Advanced Computer Graphics, Plenam Press, 1971
  11. The Rand Corporation, p. 24
  12. E. Miller, Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Science and Technology of the Senate Committee on Small Busi­ness, June 24, 1971, p. 4
  13. D. Smith, J. McCarroll, Current Trends in Numerical Control, Machine Design, September 26, 1968
  14. N. Cook, Computer Managed Parts Manufacture, Scien­tific American, February 1975
  15. G. Wilke, Hands -Off Warehousing Systems, Industrial Engineering, Volume 5, No. 5
  16. The Rand Corporation, p. 24, Table 2
  17. The Rand Corporation, p. 25
  18. D. House, R. Henzel, Projecting the Price/Performance Factor, Computer, Volume 4, No. 2, March/April 1971, p. 24
  19. Manufacturers Advertised Price, Electronic Design, Volume 23, No. 2, January 18, 1975, pp. 4-5

    20. Lift Off Time for Microcomputers, Business Week, Sept. 22, 1975, p. 34

  20. N. Cook, p. 28
  21. J. Bernard, Report of Automation Technology Workships, Automation Research Council Summary Document #3, American Automatic Control Council, January 1973, p. 9
  22. Automation Research Council, A National Research Plan for Automation, American Automatic Control Council, May 1974
  23. The Rand Corporation, p. 40
  24. The Rand Corporation, p. 30
  25. J. Evans, J. Albus, Robots: Now and In the Future, Di­mensions, National Bureau of Standards, November 1970, p. 246
  26. J. Nevins, D. Whitney, et al., Exploratory Research in Industrial Modular Assembly, C. S. Draper Laboratory Report R-850, Cambridge, Massachusetts, December 1974
  27. Rosen, etal., Exploratory Research in Advanced Automation, Stanford Research Institute, Project 2591 Report, December 1973
  28. J. Albus, A New Approach to Manipulator Control: The Cerebellar Model Articulation Controller, Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control, September, 1975
  29. B. Raphael, et al. , Research and Applications — Artificial Intelligence, Stanford Research Laboratory, Project 8973, Report, April 1971
  30. H. Warnecke, R. Schraft, State of the Art and Experi­ences with Industrial Robots in German Industries, Pro­ceedings of the Second International Symposium on Indus­trial Robots, Chicago, May 1972
  31. J. Engleberger, The Unimate at Work, a film produced by Unimation, Inc., Danbury, Connecticut
  32. L. Driscoll, Blue Collar Robots: A U. S. Market Evalu­ation, Proceedings Fourth International Symposium on Industrial Robots, Tokyo, Japan, 1974, pp. 121-132
  33. A. Ashburn, The Development of NC Abroad, NC Scene, November 1971
  34. There are two major Japanese robot technology projects:
    1. Pattern Information Processing Systems (PIPS), funded at $180 million. Described in a Summary Re­port, Engineering Foundation Conference, Pattern Information Processing, Airlie House, Warrenton, Virginia, February 24-27, 1972. National Science Foundation Grant GK-3 19~5
    2. Methodology for Unmanned Manufacturing (MUM) funded at $13 million. Described in the Japan Economic Journal, June 19, 1973

      3. The total funding for these two projects amounts to $293 million which, allowing for differences in labor rates, would be the equivalent of a $600 million project in the United States.

  35. J. Hollingum, Japan’s Confidence Shines Through Its Great Robot Gamble, The Engineer, December 12, 1974
  36. B. Rooks, International Industrial Robots and Materials Handling, The Industrial Robot, December 1974, pp. 281-283
  37. U. S. Department of Commerce Report, Technology En­hancement Programs in Five Foreign Countries, National Technical Information Service, Springfield, Virginia, December 1972

    38. M. Ignatzev, F. Kulakov, A. Pokrovsky, Prospects for the Construction and Use of Manipulators Controlled by Computers, Translated for the Atomic Energy Commis­sion, February 1972

  38. J. Diebold, Beyond Automation, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1964, p. 151

Chapter VI

  1. N. Wiener, The Human Use of Human Beings, Avon Books, 1967, p. 217
  2. W. Grieden, N. Kotz, Study on Poverty, Washington Post, April 8-15, 1973
  3. A. Smith, Wealth of Nations, 1776
  4. Many of the concepts embodied in the National Mutual Fund derive from The Two-Factor Theory: The Economics of Reality by L. Kelso and P. Hetter, Random House, 1967
  5. P. Peterson, The United States in the Changing World Economy, Vol. II, Briefing Material for the President and the Council on International Policy, U. S. Government Printing Office 4000-0271, 1971, p. 5
  6. J. Needham, television interview on Wall Street Week, Maryland Center for Public Broadcasting, January 24, 1975
  7. Chase advertisement in Washington Post, April 14, 1975
  8. R. Nelson, M. Peck, E. Kalachek, Technology, Economic Growth, and Public Policy, A Rand Corporation and Brookings Institute Study, Brookings Institute, Washington,D.C., 1967, p. 54
  9. L. Thurow, Disequilibrium and the Marginal Productivity of Capital and Labor, Review of Economics and Statistics, Volume XLX, February 1968, p. 15
  10. A. Ehrbar, L. Schiff, The Long-Term Case for Stocks, Fortune, December 1974, p. 100

Chapter VII

  1. T. P renting, N. Thomopoulos, Humanism and Technology in Assembly Line Systems, Chapters 2 and 3, Spartan Books, New Jersey, 1974
  2. National Science Foundation: National Patterns of Re­search and Development Resources — Funds and Man­power in the United States, 1953-1975, Annual
  3. Summary Report: New Jersey Graduated Income Incentive Experiment, Office of Income Security Research, United States Department of Health, Education, and W e 1 f a r e, December 1973
  4. W. Proxmire, “Frankly there is almost no support for the guaranteed annual income in Congress. I don’t support it. I don’t know anyone else who does.” Congressional Record, Volume 113, Pt. 6, 90th Congress, 1st Session, 1967, p. 7179

Chapter VIII

  1. See data in Figure VIfl-2
  2. P. Samuelson, Economics, 9th Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1973, p. 827
  3. P. Samuelson, p. 363
  4. P. Samuelson, p. 832
  5. Business Week, November 9, 1974, p. 154
  6. Productivity and the Economy, Prepared for the National Commission on Productivity, by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Bulletin 1779, p. 21
  7. Bills to establish a National Center for Productivity have been introduced by Senators Nunn (S. 937) and Percy (S. 765), 1975 154 PEOPLES’ CAPITALISM
  8. E. Mansfield, Contribution of Research and Development to Economic Growth in the United States, Science, Volume 175, February 4, 1972, pp. 477-486
  9. M. Boretsky, U. S. Technology: Trends and Policy Issues, National Technical Information Service, PB-227-930, October 1973, p. 67
  10. R. Deans, Jr., The Temporal Mismatch: Innovation’s Pace vs. Management’s Time Horizon, Research Manage­ment, Volume 17, May 1974, p. 12
  11. P. Samuelson, pp. 334-353
  12. L. Chandler, The Economics of Money and Banking, Harper and Row, 1969
  13. M. Friedman, W. Heller, Monetary vs. Fiscal Policy: A Dialogue, Norton, 1969
  14. P. Samuelson, p. 362
  15. G. Ackley, Macroeconomic Theory, MacMillian, 1967
  16. R. Deans, Jr., Technology Lag in America, Editorial Research Reports, Volume 1, January 5, 1972, p. 14

    17. U. S. National Science Foundation, National Patterns of Research and Development Resources — Funds and Man­power in the United States, 1953-74, Annual

  17. P. Samuelson, p. 834
  18. J. Bronowski, The Ascent of Man, Little-Brown, Boston, 1973, p. 437

Chapter IX

  1. P. Samuelson, Economics, 9th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1973, p. 203 REFERENCES 155
  2. D. Erickson, Sensitivity Constrained Optimal Control Policies for a Dynamic Model of the United States National Economy, University of California Los Angeles, UCLA­ENG-7124, May 1971
  3. Brazil: Indexation Creates a Confident Climate, Business Week, September 22, 1975, p. 100
  4. M. Friedman, There’s No Such Thing As a Free Lunch, Open Court, La Salle, Ill., pp. 142-161
  5. J. Truxal, Automatic Feedback Control System Synthesis, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1955
  6. In this formula liquid money supply is defined as currency plus demand deposits plus time deposits plus deposits in non bank thrift institutions. In May 1970, this totaled $600.8 billion. Federal Reserve Bulletin, May 1971
  7. L. Chandler, The Economics of Money and Banking, Harper and Row, 1969

Chapter X

  1. National Commission on Technology, Automation and Economic Progress, Technology and the American Economy, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., 1966, p. 87
  2. A. Toffler, Future Shock, p. 267
  3. W. Feliner, American Economic Review, Volume 60, March 1970, p. 1
  4. Council of Economic Advisors, Annual Report (Trans­mitted to Congress January 1964), Government Printing Office, 1964, p. 105
  5. E. Mansfield, Unpublished remarks from a seminar on Economic Aspects of Research and Development Invest­ment by Private Firms ~given at the National Bureau of Standards, October 7, 1974
  6. E. Mansfield, Contribution of Research and Development to Economic Growth in the United States, Science, Feb­ruary 4, 1972, p. 480
  7. C. Freeman, M. R. Poignant, I. Svermilson, Science, Economic Growth, and Government Policy, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Paris, 1963, p. 43
  8. J. Jewks, D. Sawers, R. Stillernian, The Sources of In­vention, Norton, New York, 1970
  9. K. J. Arrow, The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity, National Bureau of Economic Research, Princeton Uni­versity Press, Princeton, New Jersey, 1962, pp. 210-215
  10. United States Constitution, Article I, Section 8
  11. J. Goldman, Toward a National Technology Policy, Sci­ence, 177, September 22, 1972, pp. 1078-1080
  12. Essentially the same proposal is made by R. R. Nelson, M. J. Peck, E. D. Kalachek, onp. 177 of Technology, Economic Growth, and Public Policy, Brookings Institute, WashingLon, D. C., 1967
    1. Etzioni, Agency for Technological Development for Domestic Programs, Science, 164, April 4, 1969, p. 43
  13. National Academy of Engineering, Symposium and Work­shop on Application of Technology to Improve Productivity in the Service Sector of the National Economy, November 1-2, 1971

Chapter XI

  1. D. Meadows, D. Meadows, J. Randers, W. Behrens, Limits to Growth, Potomac Books, 1972
  2. H. Hodson, The Diseconomics of Growth, Ballentine, 1972
  3. J. Bronowski, The Ascent of Man, Little-Brown, Boston, 1973, p. 88
  4. P. Hanser, World Population Growth, In the Population Dilemma (P. Hanser, ed.) Prentice-Hall, 1969, p. 25
  5. P. Demeny, The Populations of the Underdeveloped Countries, Scientific American, September 1974, p. 159

Chapter XII

  1. K. Boulding, Beyond Economics: Essays on Society, Religion, and Ethics, University of Michigan Press, 1968, p. 281
  2. C. Waterlow, Values and Models for a Global Community, In The Next 25 Years: Crisis and Opportunity, (A. A. Spekke, Ed.) World Future Society, Washington, D.C., 1975, p. 60

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